Starter for 2013 Volkswagen Golf R
- Aero Ground Effects & Body Kits
- Aperture Panel
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Bumper
- Bumper & Components - Front
- Bumper & Components - Rear
- Bushings
- Center Console
- Center Pillar
- Cluster & Switches
- Console
- Control Cables
- Control Modules
- Cowl
- Dashboard
- Door
- Door & Components
- Doors
- Ducts
- Exterior Trim - Door
- Exterior Trim - Fender
- Exterior Trim - Front Door
- Exterior Trim - Lift Gate
- Exterior Trim - Quarter Panel
- Exterior Trim - Rear Door
- Exterior Trim - Windshield
- Fender & Components
- Fenders
- Floor
- Frame
- Front Console
- Front Door
- Front Seat Components
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Gate & Hardware
- Glass - Door
- Glass - Front Door
- Glass - Lift Gate
- Glass - Rear Door
- Glass - Windshield
- Glass & Hardware
- Glass, Windows & Related Components
- Glove Box
- Grille
- Grille & Components
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Hinge Pillar
- Hood
- Hood & Components
- Horns
- Information Labels
- Inner Structure
- Instrument Panel
- Instrument Panel Components
- Interior Trim
- Interior Trim - Door
- Interior Trim - Front Door
- Interior Trim - Pillars
- Interior Trim - Quarter Panels
- Interior Trim - Rear Body
- Interior Trim - Rear Door
- Interior Trim - Roof
- Jack & Components
- Labels
- Liftgate
- Lock & Hardware
- Lock Pillar
- Master Cylinder - Components On Dash Panel
- Mirrors
- Outside Mirrors
- Overhead Lamps
- Quarter Panel
- Quarter Panel & Components
- Radiator Support
- Rear Body
- Rear Console
- Rear Door
- Rear Floor & Rails
- Rear Seat Components
- Rocker
- Rocker Panel
- Roof
- Roof & Components
- Seat Belt
- Seats
- Sensors
- Side Pillar
- Sound System
- Splash Shields
- Spoiler
- Steering Wheel
- Structural Components & Rails
- Sunroof
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Truck Box
- Trunk Lid & Compartment
- Uniside
- Universal
- Wiper & Washer Components
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- ABS Components
- Anti-Lock Brakes
- Body Wiring Harness & Components
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Brake Components
- Brake Hydraulics
- Bushings
- Control Modules
- Disc Pads & Brake Shoes
- Drums & Rotors
- Front Brakes
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Hoses & Pipes
- Hydraulic System
- Parking Brake
- Rear Brakes
- Sensors
- Stability Control
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- ABS Components
- Air Bag Components
- Air Bag System
- Alarm System
- Alternator
- Alternator/Generator & Related Components
- Antenna & Radio
- Anti-Theft Components
- Anti-Theft System
- Battery
- Battery & Related Components
- Body Wiring Harness & Components
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Bulbs - Chassis
- Communication System Components
- Control Modules
- Controls
- Daytime Running Lamp Components
- Diesel Components
- Electrical Components
- Electrical Connectors
- Electrical Sockets
- Flasher Units, Fuses, & Circuit Breakers
- Fog Lamps
- Front Door
- Front Seat Belts
- Fuse & Relay
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Glass, Windows & Related Components
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Headlamp Components
- Heated Seats
- High Mounted Stop Lamp
- Horn
- Ignition Lock
- Ignition System
- Information Labels
- Keyless Entry Components
- License Lamps
- Lighting - Exterior
- Lighting - Interior
- Mirrors
- Mobile Multi-Media
- Navigation System
- Navigation System Components
- Power Outlets
- Power Seats
- Powertrain Control
- Rear Door
- Rear Seat Belts
- Relays
- Second Row Seat Belts
- Senders
- Sensors
- Side Marker Lamps
- Starter
- Starter & Related Components
- Sunroof
- Switches
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Tail Lamps
- Tire Pressure Monitor Components
- Washer Components
- Wipers
- Wiring Harness
- Air Intake
- Bearings
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Control Modules
- Cylinder Block Components
- Engine
- Engine & Trans Mounting
- Engine Parts
- Filters
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Mounts
- Oil Pan
- Oil Pump
- Pumps
- Sensors
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Turbocharger & Components
- Valve Train Components
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- A/C Accumulator/Receiver Drier
- A/C Clutch & Compressor
- A/C Condenser & Evaporator
- A/C Flow Restrictors
- Blower Motor & Fan
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Condenser, Compressor & Lines
- Control Modules
- Evaporator & Heater Components
- Filters
- Front Evaporator
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Heater
- Hoses & Pipes
- HVAC Case
- Information Labels
- Motors, Core, Case & Related Components
- Sensors
- Switches & Sensors
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Temperature Controls & Related Components
- Axle & Differential
- Bearings
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Bushings
- Covers & Trim
- Drive Axles
- Drive Shaft
- Front Suspension
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Rear Axle
- Rear Suspension
- Shocks & Components
- Shocks & Struts
- Stabilizer Bar & Components
- Struts & Components
- Struts & Suspension Components
- Suspension Components
- Suspension Mounting
- Suspension, Springs & Related Components
- Wheels
- Aero Ground Effects & Body Kits
- Aperture Panel
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Bumper
- Bumper & Components - Front
- Bumper & Components - Rear
- Bushings
- Center Console
- Center Pillar
- Cluster & Switches
- Console
- Control Cables
- Control Modules
- Cowl
- Dashboard
- Door
- Door & Components
- Doors
- Ducts
- Exterior Trim - Door
- Exterior Trim - Fender
- Exterior Trim - Front Door
- Exterior Trim - Lift Gate
- Exterior Trim - Quarter Panel
- Exterior Trim - Rear Door
- Exterior Trim - Windshield
- Fender & Components
- Fenders
- Floor
- Frame
- Front Console
- Front Door
- Front Seat Components
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Gate & Hardware
- Glass - Door
- Glass - Front Door
- Glass - Lift Gate
- Glass - Rear Door
- Glass - Windshield
- Glass & Hardware
- Glass, Windows & Related Components
- Glove Box
- Grille
- Grille & Components
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Hinge Pillar
- Hood
- Hood & Components
- Horns
- Information Labels
- Inner Structure
- Instrument Panel
- Instrument Panel Components
- Interior Trim
- Interior Trim - Door
- Interior Trim - Front Door
- Interior Trim - Pillars
- Interior Trim - Quarter Panels
- Interior Trim - Rear Body
- Interior Trim - Rear Door
- Interior Trim - Roof
- Jack & Components
- Labels
- Liftgate
- Lock & Hardware
- Lock Pillar
- Master Cylinder - Components On Dash Panel
- Mirrors
- Outside Mirrors
- Overhead Lamps
- Quarter Panel
- Quarter Panel & Components
- Radiator Support
- Rear Body
- Rear Console
- Rear Door
- Rear Floor & Rails
- Rear Seat Components
- Rocker
- Rocker Panel
- Roof
- Roof & Components
- Seat Belt
- Seats
- Sensors
- Side Pillar
- Sound System
- Splash Shields
- Spoiler
- Steering Wheel
- Structural Components & Rails
- Sunroof
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Truck Box
- Trunk Lid & Compartment
- Uniside
- Universal
- Wiper & Washer Components
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- ABS Components
- Anti-Lock Brakes
- Body Wiring Harness & Components
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Brake Components
- Brake Hydraulics
- Bushings
- Control Modules
- Disc Pads & Brake Shoes
- Drums & Rotors
- Front Brakes
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Hoses & Pipes
- Hydraulic System
- Parking Brake
- Rear Brakes
- Sensors
- Stability Control
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- ABS Components
- Air Bag Components
- Air Bag System
- Alarm System
- Alternator
- Alternator/Generator & Related Components
- Antenna & Radio
- Anti-Theft Components
- Anti-Theft System
- Battery
- Battery & Related Components
- Body Wiring Harness & Components
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Bulbs - Chassis
- Communication System Components
- Control Modules
- Controls
- Daytime Running Lamp Components
- Diesel Components
- Electrical Components
- Electrical Connectors
- Electrical Sockets
- Flasher Units, Fuses, & Circuit Breakers
- Fog Lamps
- Front Door
- Front Seat Belts
- Fuse & Relay
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Glass, Windows & Related Components
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Headlamp Components
- Heated Seats
- High Mounted Stop Lamp
- Horn
- Ignition Lock
- Ignition System
- Information Labels
- Keyless Entry Components
- License Lamps
- Lighting - Exterior
- Lighting - Interior
- Mirrors
- Mobile Multi-Media
- Navigation System
- Navigation System Components
- Power Outlets
- Power Seats
- Powertrain Control
- Rear Door
- Rear Seat Belts
- Relays
- Second Row Seat Belts
- Senders
- Sensors
- Side Marker Lamps
- Starter
- Starter & Related Components
- Sunroof
- Switches
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Tail Lamps
- Tire Pressure Monitor Components
- Washer Components
- Wipers
- Wiring Harness
- Air Intake
- Bearings
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Control Modules
- Cylinder Block Components
- Engine
- Engine & Trans Mounting
- Engine Parts
- Filters
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Mounts
- Oil Pan
- Oil Pump
- Pumps
- Sensors
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Turbocharger & Components
- Valve Train Components
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- A/C Accumulator/Receiver Drier
- A/C Clutch & Compressor
- A/C Condenser & Evaporator
- A/C Flow Restrictors
- Blower Motor & Fan
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Condenser, Compressor & Lines
- Control Modules
- Evaporator & Heater Components
- Filters
- Front Evaporator
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Heater
- Hoses & Pipes
- HVAC Case
- Information Labels
- Motors, Core, Case & Related Components
- Sensors
- Switches & Sensors
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Temperature Controls & Related Components
- Axle & Differential
- Bearings
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Bushings
- Covers & Trim
- Drive Axles
- Drive Shaft
- Front Suspension
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Rear Axle
- Rear Suspension
- Shocks & Components
- Shocks & Struts
- Stabilizer Bar & Components
- Struts & Components
- Struts & Suspension Components
- Suspension Components
- Suspension Mounting
- Suspension, Springs & Related Components
- Wheels
Browse Categories
Select category
- Aero Ground Effects & Body Kits
- Aperture Panel
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Bumper
- Bumper & Components - Front
- Bumper & Components - Rear
- Bushings
- Center Console
- Center Pillar
- Cluster & Switches
- Console
- Control Cables
- Control Modules
- Cowl
- Dashboard
- Door
- Door & Components
- Doors
- Ducts
- Exterior Trim - Door
- Exterior Trim - Fender
- Exterior Trim - Front Door
- Exterior Trim - Lift Gate
- Exterior Trim - Quarter Panel
- Exterior Trim - Rear Door
- Exterior Trim - Windshield
- Fender & Components
- Fenders
- Floor
- Frame
- Front Console
- Front Door
- Front Seat Components
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Gate & Hardware
- Glass - Door
- Glass - Front Door
- Glass - Lift Gate
- Glass - Rear Door
- Glass - Windshield
- Glass & Hardware
- Glass, Windows & Related Components
- Glove Box
- Grille
- Grille & Components
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Hinge Pillar
- Hood
- Hood & Components
- Horns
- Information Labels
- Inner Structure
- Instrument Panel
- Instrument Panel Components
- Interior Trim
- Interior Trim - Door
- Interior Trim - Front Door
- Interior Trim - Pillars
- Interior Trim - Quarter Panels
- Interior Trim - Rear Body
- Interior Trim - Rear Door
- Interior Trim - Roof
- Jack & Components
- Labels
- Liftgate
- Lock & Hardware
- Lock Pillar
- Master Cylinder - Components On Dash Panel
- Mirrors
- Outside Mirrors
- Overhead Lamps
- Quarter Panel
- Quarter Panel & Components
- Radiator Support
- Rear Body
- Rear Console
- Rear Door
- Rear Floor & Rails
- Rear Seat Components
- Rocker
- Rocker Panel
- Roof
- Roof & Components
- Seat Belt
- Seats
- Sensors
- Side Pillar
- Sound System
- Splash Shields
- Spoiler
- Steering Wheel
- Structural Components & Rails
- Sunroof
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Truck Box
- Trunk Lid & Compartment
- Uniside
- Universal
- Wiper & Washer Components
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- ABS Components
- Anti-Lock Brakes
- Body Wiring Harness & Components
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Brake Components
- Brake Hydraulics
- Bushings
- Control Modules
- Disc Pads & Brake Shoes
- Drums & Rotors
- Front Brakes
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Hoses & Pipes
- Hydraulic System
- Parking Brake
- Rear Brakes
- Sensors
- Stability Control
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- ABS Components
- Air Bag Components
- Air Bag System
- Alarm System
- Alternator
- Alternator/Generator & Related Components
- Antenna & Radio
- Anti-Theft Components
- Anti-Theft System
- Battery
- Battery & Related Components
- Body Wiring Harness & Components
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Bulbs - Chassis
- Communication System Components
- Control Modules
- Controls
- Daytime Running Lamp Components
- Diesel Components
- Electrical Components
- Electrical Connectors
- Electrical Sockets
- Flasher Units, Fuses, & Circuit Breakers
- Fog Lamps
- Front Door
- Front Seat Belts
- Fuse & Relay
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Glass, Windows & Related Components
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Headlamp Components
- Heated Seats
- High Mounted Stop Lamp
- Horn
- Ignition Lock
- Ignition System
- Information Labels
- Keyless Entry Components
- License Lamps
- Lighting - Exterior
- Lighting - Interior
- Mirrors
- Mobile Multi-Media
- Navigation System
- Navigation System Components
- Power Outlets
- Power Seats
- Powertrain Control
- Rear Door
- Rear Seat Belts
- Relays
- Second Row Seat Belts
- Senders
- Sensors
- Side Marker Lamps
- Starter
- Starter & Related Components
- Sunroof
- Switches
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Tail Lamps
- Tire Pressure Monitor Components
- Washer Components
- Wipers
- Wiring Harness
- Air Intake
- Bearings
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Control Modules
- Cylinder Block Components
- Engine
- Engine & Trans Mounting
- Engine Parts
- Filters
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Mounts
- Oil Pan
- Oil Pump
- Pumps
- Sensors
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Turbocharger & Components
- Valve Train Components
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- A/C Accumulator/Receiver Drier
- A/C Clutch & Compressor
- A/C Condenser & Evaporator
- A/C Flow Restrictors
- Blower Motor & Fan
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Condenser, Compressor & Lines
- Control Modules
- Evaporator & Heater Components
- Filters
- Front Evaporator
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Heater
- Hoses & Pipes
- HVAC Case
- Information Labels
- Motors, Core, Case & Related Components
- Sensors
- Switches & Sensors
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Temperature Controls & Related Components
- Axle & Differential
- Bearings
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Bushings
- Covers & Trim
- Drive Axles
- Drive Shaft
- Front Suspension
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Rear Axle
- Rear Suspension
- Shocks & Components
- Shocks & Struts
- Stabilizer Bar & Components
- Struts & Components
- Struts & Suspension Components
- Suspension Components
- Suspension Mounting
- Suspension, Springs & Related Components
- Wheels
- Aero Ground Effects & Body Kits
- Aperture Panel
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Bumper
- Bumper & Components - Front
- Bumper & Components - Rear
- Bushings
- Center Console
- Center Pillar
- Cluster & Switches
- Console
- Control Cables
- Control Modules
- Cowl
- Dashboard
- Door
- Door & Components
- Doors
- Ducts
- Exterior Trim - Door
- Exterior Trim - Fender
- Exterior Trim - Front Door
- Exterior Trim - Lift Gate
- Exterior Trim - Quarter Panel
- Exterior Trim - Rear Door
- Exterior Trim - Windshield
- Fender & Components
- Fenders
- Floor
- Frame
- Front Console
- Front Door
- Front Seat Components
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Gate & Hardware
- Glass - Door
- Glass - Front Door
- Glass - Lift Gate
- Glass - Rear Door
- Glass - Windshield
- Glass & Hardware
- Glass, Windows & Related Components
- Glove Box
- Grille
- Grille & Components
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Hinge Pillar
- Hood
- Hood & Components
- Horns
- Information Labels
- Inner Structure
- Instrument Panel
- Instrument Panel Components
- Interior Trim
- Interior Trim - Door
- Interior Trim - Front Door
- Interior Trim - Pillars
- Interior Trim - Quarter Panels
- Interior Trim - Rear Body
- Interior Trim - Rear Door
- Interior Trim - Roof
- Jack & Components
- Labels
- Liftgate
- Lock & Hardware
- Lock Pillar
- Master Cylinder - Components On Dash Panel
- Mirrors
- Outside Mirrors
- Overhead Lamps
- Quarter Panel
- Quarter Panel & Components
- Radiator Support
- Rear Body
- Rear Console
- Rear Door
- Rear Floor & Rails
- Rear Seat Components
- Rocker
- Rocker Panel
- Roof
- Roof & Components
- Seat Belt
- Seats
- Sensors
- Side Pillar
- Sound System
- Splash Shields
- Spoiler
- Steering Wheel
- Structural Components & Rails
- Sunroof
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Truck Box
- Trunk Lid & Compartment
- Uniside
- Universal
- Wiper & Washer Components
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- ABS Components
- Anti-Lock Brakes
- Body Wiring Harness & Components
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Brake Components
- Brake Hydraulics
- Bushings
- Control Modules
- Disc Pads & Brake Shoes
- Drums & Rotors
- Front Brakes
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Hoses & Pipes
- Hydraulic System
- Parking Brake
- Rear Brakes
- Sensors
- Stability Control
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- ABS Components
- Air Bag Components
- Air Bag System
- Alarm System
- Alternator
- Alternator/Generator & Related Components
- Antenna & Radio
- Anti-Theft Components
- Anti-Theft System
- Battery
- Battery & Related Components
- Body Wiring Harness & Components
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Bulbs - Chassis
- Communication System Components
- Control Modules
- Controls
- Daytime Running Lamp Components
- Diesel Components
- Electrical Components
- Electrical Connectors
- Electrical Sockets
- Flasher Units, Fuses, & Circuit Breakers
- Fog Lamps
- Front Door
- Front Seat Belts
- Fuse & Relay
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Glass, Windows & Related Components
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Headlamp Components
- Heated Seats
- High Mounted Stop Lamp
- Horn
- Ignition Lock
- Ignition System
- Information Labels
- Keyless Entry Components
- License Lamps
- Lighting - Exterior
- Lighting - Interior
- Mirrors
- Mobile Multi-Media
- Navigation System
- Navigation System Components
- Power Outlets
- Power Seats
- Powertrain Control
- Rear Door
- Rear Seat Belts
- Relays
- Second Row Seat Belts
- Senders
- Sensors
- Side Marker Lamps
- Starter
- Starter & Related Components
- Sunroof
- Switches
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Tail Lamps
- Tire Pressure Monitor Components
- Washer Components
- Wipers
- Wiring Harness
- Air Intake
- Bearings
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Control Modules
- Cylinder Block Components
- Engine
- Engine & Trans Mounting
- Engine Parts
- Filters
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Mounts
- Oil Pan
- Oil Pump
- Pumps
- Sensors
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Turbocharger & Components
- Valve Train Components
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- A/C Accumulator/Receiver Drier
- A/C Clutch & Compressor
- A/C Condenser & Evaporator
- A/C Flow Restrictors
- Blower Motor & Fan
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Condenser, Compressor & Lines
- Control Modules
- Evaporator & Heater Components
- Filters
- Front Evaporator
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Heater
- Hoses & Pipes
- HVAC Case
- Information Labels
- Motors, Core, Case & Related Components
- Sensors
- Switches & Sensors
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Temperature Controls & Related Components
- Axle & Differential
- Bearings
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Bushings
- Covers & Trim
- Drive Axles
- Drive Shaft
- Front Suspension
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Rear Axle
- Rear Suspension
- Shocks & Components
- Shocks & Struts
- Stabilizer Bar & Components
- Struts & Components
- Struts & Suspension Components
- Suspension Components
- Suspension Mounting
- Suspension, Springs & Related Components
- Wheels
Starter for 2013 Volkswagen Golf R
No.
Part # / Description / Price
Price
1
Starter 
Volkswagen
Volkswagen Description: 1.1 Kw. GTI. Jetta. Manual trans. 2.0l. With turbo. Golf R. Beetle. 2.0l. Tiguan Limited. Valeo, new.
1
Starter Volkswagen
Volkswagen Description: 2.0 Kw. Golf. Manual trans. 6 speed. Manual trans. 2.0l tdi. Passat. 2009-2012, 3.6L, valeo, new. Jetta wagon. Optional. Wagon, 2.0L, new, manual trans.
1
Starter 1 Volkswagen
Volkswagen Description: Golf. Manual trans. 6 speed. 2.0 Kw. Vendor:bosch. 2.0L diesel, manual trans, bosch, remanufactured.
MSRP $540.35
$382.57
MSRP $540.35
$382.57
1
Starter Volkswagen
Volkswagen Description: 1.4 Kw. Beetle. 2.5l. Rabbit. Sedan, 2.5L, remanufactured, manual trans. Wagon, 2.5L, remanufactured, manual trans. Coupe, 2.5L, manual trans, remanufactured.
MSRP $1,041.65
$737.49
MSRP $1,041.65
$737.49
1 This price excludes a refundable manufacturer's core charge. Add the part to your cart to see the core charge.